Tuesday, July 18, 2017
Class 10 | Science - Force (Gravitation, Gravity, Free Fall, Weightlessness)
FORCE
Why does the moon revolve around the earth? Why does the earth revolve around the sun? Why is there no collision between the stars and planets in the universe? What is the difference between the mass and weight? The answer to such questions and other related questions take us into subject of gravitation.
Gravitation
In the universe, one object attracts another object with a certain force. The force of attraction that exists between them is termed as gravitational force. It is simply called gravitation. Such a force is attractive in nature. Its unit is N (Newton) in SI system and dyne in CGS system.
Experimentally, it is found that the gravitational force between any two objects depends upon their masses and the distance between their centers. After different observations, the great scientist Sir Isaac Newton formulates the experiment in the experiment in the form of law which is known as Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation.
Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation
It states that the gravitational force between any two objects directly proportional to the products of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of distance between their centers. This law is applicable in the masses of two objects on the universe. So. it is also called the Universal Law of Gravitation.
Let consider two objects of masses 'm1' and 'm2' which are separated by a distance 'd' as shown in the figure. If 'F' is force of attraction between the two objects, then according to Newton's Universal Law:
i. The force is directly proportional to the product of their masses, F∝ m1m2............(i)
ii. The force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them, F∝1/d^2..........(ii)
Combining (i) and (ii), we get;
F∝ m1m2/d^2,
F= G (m1m2/d^2)..............(iii)
Where G is a proportionality constant called universal gravitation constant. G is called universal gravitational constant because its value remains same throughout the universe.
Definition and unit of the universal gravitational constant (G)
We know that; F=G(m1m2/d^2) [By Newton Universal Law]
In SI system, If m1=1kg, m2=1kg and d=1m
then F=G.
The universal gravitational constant is numerically equal to the force of attraction between two masses of 1kg each at a distance of 1m from their centers.
Similarly in CGS system, the universal gravitational constant is the force of attraction between two masses of 1g each kept at a distance of 1cm from their centers.
So in general, the force of attraction between any two objects of unit masses when they are separated by unit distance is called universal gravitational constant.
The value of G could not be found when Newton gave the la of gravitation. It was determined by Henry Cavendish in 1798 AD by using an instrument called torsion balance and he found the value equal to 6.67x10^-11 Nm^2/kg^2 in SI system.
The value of G in CGS is 6.67x10^-8 dyne cm^2/g^2.
Why is the gravitational force between two objects usually unnoticeable?
The value of G is very small and hence the gravitational force between two smaller objects becomes negligibly small. Therefore, the gravitational force between any two objects is usually unnoticeable. It becomes appreciable only when at least one body is huge like earth, the sun, etc.
Some important points which should be remembered regarding gravitational force are:
i. The gravitational force does not change with the change in medium.
ii. It is the weakest force in nature and is always attractive.
iii. It obeys the inverse square law.
iv. Gravitational force is a central force. This means that this force acts along the line joining the particles towards their center.
v. Gravitational force in the long range force. It is applicable between stars and galaxies.
vi. Newton's law of gravitation is universal. This means that it is applicable anywhere in the universe.
Points to know:
i. Gravitational force is increased by two times when mass of an object is doubled keeping the distance between them constant.
ii. Gravitational force is four times when mass of each object is doubled keeping the distance between them constant.
iii. Gravitational force is decreased by four times when distance between them is made double keeping their masses constant.
iv. Gravitational force is increased by four times when distance between them is made half keeping their masses constant.
Gravitation
In the universe, one object attracts another object with a certain force. The force of attraction that exists between them is termed as gravitational force. It is simply called gravitation. Such a force is attractive in nature. Its unit is N (Newton) in SI system and dyne in CGS system.
Experimentally, it is found that the gravitational force between any two objects depends upon their masses and the distance between their centers. After different observations, the great scientist Sir Isaac Newton formulates the experiment in the experiment in the form of law which is known as Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation.
Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation
It states that the gravitational force between any two objects directly proportional to the products of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of distance between their centers. This law is applicable in the masses of two objects on the universe. So. it is also called the Universal Law of Gravitation.
Let consider two objects of masses 'm1' and 'm2' which are separated by a distance 'd' as shown in the figure. If 'F' is force of attraction between the two objects, then according to Newton's Universal Law: i. The force is directly proportional to the product of their masses, F∝ m1m2............(i)
ii. The force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them, F∝1/d^2..........(ii)
Combining (i) and (ii), we get;
F∝ m1m2/d^2,
F= G (m1m2/d^2)..............(iii)
Where G is a proportionality constant called universal gravitation constant. G is called universal gravitational constant because its value remains same throughout the universe.
Definition and unit of the universal gravitational constant (G)
We know that; F=G(m1m2/d^2) [By Newton Universal Law]
In SI system, If m1=1kg, m2=1kg and d=1m
then F=G.
The universal gravitational constant is numerically equal to the force of attraction between two masses of 1kg each at a distance of 1m from their centers.
So in general, the force of attraction between any two objects of unit masses when they are separated by unit distance is called universal gravitational constant.
The value of G could not be found when Newton gave the la of gravitation. It was determined by Henry Cavendish in 1798 AD by using an instrument called torsion balance and he found the value equal to 6.67x10^-11 Nm^2/kg^2 in SI system.
The value of G in CGS is 6.67x10^-8 dyne cm^2/g^2.
Why is the gravitational force between two objects usually unnoticeable?
The value of G is very small and hence the gravitational force between two smaller objects becomes negligibly small. Therefore, the gravitational force between any two objects is usually unnoticeable. It becomes appreciable only when at least one body is huge like earth, the sun, etc.
Some important points which should be remembered regarding gravitational force are:
i. The gravitational force does not change with the change in medium.
ii. It is the weakest force in nature and is always attractive.
iii. It obeys the inverse square law.
iv. Gravitational force is a central force. This means that this force acts along the line joining the particles towards their center.
v. Gravitational force in the long range force. It is applicable between stars and galaxies.
vi. Newton's law of gravitation is universal. This means that it is applicable anywhere in the universe.
Points to know:
i. Gravitational force is increased by two times when mass of an object is doubled keeping the distance between them constant.
ii. Gravitational force is four times when mass of each object is doubled keeping the distance between them constant.
iii. Gravitational force is decreased by four times when distance between them is made double keeping their masses constant.
iv. Gravitational force is increased by four times when distance between them is made half keeping their masses constant.
Click here to see some Numerical related to Gravitation
Gravity
According to the law of gravitation. the earth attracts each object around it towards its center. The object also attracts the earth by an equal force. Since the object is free to move, it moves toward the earth, but the earth because of its large inertia does not move toward the object. The force with which the earth attracts the objects is called Force of gravity on the body. It always acts vertically downwards at the center of the earth. Such a force is produced by other planets, satellites and other heavenly bodies too.
The force of gravity on a body of mass m kept on the surface of the earth of mass M and the radius R is equal to the force of attraction between the earth and that of the body. It is given as :
F=GMm/R^2
Taking the mass of the earth (M) = 6 x 10 ^24 kg and the radius of the earth (R) = 6.4 x 10^6 m, the force of gravity on the body of the mass 1kg on the surface of the earth will be;
F=GMm/R^2
={(6.67 x 10^-11) x (6 x 10^24) x 1} / (6.4 x 10^6)^2
={6.67 x 6 x 10^(24-11)} / (40.96 x 10^12)
=(40.02 x 10^13) / (40.96 x 10^12)
={40.02 x 10^(13-12)} / (40.96)
=40.02 x 10 / 40.96
=400.2 / 40.96
=9.8 N
∴ The force of gravity on the object of mass 1kg is 9.8N.
Variation of acceleration due to gravity on the earth surface
1. Due to shape of the earth
Earth is not a perfect sphere. It is flattened at the poles and bulges out at equator. Therefore, radius of equator (RE) is greater than the radius of the poles (RP). We know that g= GM / R^2
Here,
Mass of Planet 'M' and 'G' are constant.
∴g ∝ 1/R^2
So, the acceleration due to gravity 'g' at the equator (gE) is less than the acceleration due to gravity 'g' at poles (gP) of the earth.
The value of acceleration due to gravity at equatorial region of the earth (gE) is 9.78m/s^2 and that of polar region (gP) is 9.83 m/s^2. The average value of the acceleration due to gravity is taken as 9.8 m/s^2.
2. Due to altitude from the earth's surface
If we go up a hill at a height 'h' above the surface of the earth, height 'h' from the surface of the earth increases, i.e if the body moves to the higher altitude, the acceleration due to gravity 'g' decreases. As we know that when 'h' is considered, then the force of attraction between the body of mass (m) and the earth of mass (M) can be given as;
F=GMm / (R+h)^2.........(i)
Let 'gh' be the acceleration due to gravity at height 'h'. Then, the force acting on the body at height 'h' is :
F= mass ✖ acceleration
F=m ✖ gh.........(ii)
From (i) and (ii), we get :
mgh= GMm / (R+h)^2
gh=GM / (R+h)^2
gh∝ 1/ (R+h)^2
Thus, it is clear that as height increases, the acceleration due to gravity decreases.
Gravity
According to the law of gravitation. the earth attracts each object around it towards its center. The object also attracts the earth by an equal force. Since the object is free to move, it moves toward the earth, but the earth because of its large inertia does not move toward the object. The force with which the earth attracts the objects is called Force of gravity on the body. It always acts vertically downwards at the center of the earth. Such a force is produced by other planets, satellites and other heavenly bodies too.
The force of gravity on a body of mass m kept on the surface of the earth of mass M and the radius R is equal to the force of attraction between the earth and that of the body. It is given as :
F=GMm/R^2
Taking the mass of the earth (M) = 6 x 10 ^24 kg and the radius of the earth (R) = 6.4 x 10^6 m, the force of gravity on the body of the mass 1kg on the surface of the earth will be;
F=GMm/R^2
={(6.67 x 10^-11) x (6 x 10^24) x 1} / (6.4 x 10^6)^2
={6.67 x 6 x 10^(24-11)} / (40.96 x 10^12)
=(40.02 x 10^13) / (40.96 x 10^12)
={40.02 x 10^(13-12)} / (40.96)
=40.02 x 10 / 40.96
=400.2 / 40.96
=9.8 N
∴ The force of gravity on the object of mass 1kg is 9.8N.
Variation of acceleration due to gravity on the earth surface
1. Due to shape of the earth
Earth is not a perfect sphere. It is flattened at the poles and bulges out at equator. Therefore, radius of equator (RE) is greater than the radius of the poles (RP). We know that g= GM / R^2Here,
Mass of Planet 'M' and 'G' are constant.
∴g ∝ 1/R^2
So, the acceleration due to gravity 'g' at the equator (gE) is less than the acceleration due to gravity 'g' at poles (gP) of the earth.
The value of acceleration due to gravity at equatorial region of the earth (gE) is 9.78m/s^2 and that of polar region (gP) is 9.83 m/s^2. The average value of the acceleration due to gravity is taken as 9.8 m/s^2.
2. Due to altitude from the earth's surface
If we go up a hill at a height 'h' above the surface of the earth, height 'h' from the surface of the earth increases, i.e if the body moves to the higher altitude, the acceleration due to gravity 'g' decreases. As we know that when 'h' is considered, then the force of attraction between the body of mass (m) and the earth of mass (M) can be given as;
F=GMm / (R+h)^2.........(i)
Let 'gh' be the acceleration due to gravity at height 'h'. Then, the force acting on the body at height 'h' is :
F= mass ✖ acceleration
F=m ✖ gh.........(ii)
From (i) and (ii), we get :
mgh= GMm / (R+h)^2
gh=GM / (R+h)^2
gh∝ 1/ (R+h)^2
Thus, it is clear that as height increases, the acceleration due to gravity decreases.
COMPUTER PROGRAMMING | SOLVED QBASIC PROGRAMS
Solved
QBASIC Programs
1. Write a program to create a sub-procedure area() to input a radius. The program should calculate the area of the circle.
Solution:
DECLARE SUB area()
CALL area
END
SUB area
INPUT "Enter a radius"; r
a = 3.141 * r ^ 2
Print "Area of a circle"; a
END SUB
2. Write a program to create a sub-procedure cube(l) to input the length of a cube and print its area. (Hint: A = 6*l^2)
Solution:
DECLARE SUB cube(l!)
INPUT "Enter a length"; l
CALL cube(l)
END
SUB cube(l)
area = 6 *l ^ 2
Print "Area of a cube"; area
END SUB
3. Write a program to create a sub-procedure area(l!, b!) to input length and breadth of a rectangle. The program should calculate the area of a rectangle.
Solution:
DECLARE SUB area(l!, b!)
INPUT "Enter the length of a rectangle"; l
INPUT "Enter the breadth of a rectangle"; b
CALL area(l, b)
END
SUB area(l, b)
a = l * b
Print "Area of a rectangle:::"; a
END SUB
4. Write a program to create a sub-procedure cost(l,b,h,c) to find the cost of painting the four walls of the room.
Solution:
DECLARE SUB cost(l,b,h,c)
INPUT "Enter the length of a room"; l
INPUT "Enter the breadth of a room"; b
INPUT "Enter the height of a room"; h
INPUT "Enter the cost of painting per unit area"; c
CALL cost(l,b,h,c)
END
SUB cost(l,b,h,c)
LET area = 2 * h * (l+b)
LET total = c*area
Print "The total cost of painting a room is:::"; total
END SUB
Class 10 | Pressure (Pascal's Law, Density and Relative Density, Archimedes' Principle, Principle of Flotation)
PRESSURE
Thrust
A force can be applied on a surface in any direction. When the force is applied on a surface in a direction normal (or perpendicular) to the surface, it is called the thrust. A body, when placed on a surface, exerts a thrust on the surface which is equal to the weight of the body. Thus, thrust is defined as:
The force acting normally on a surface is called the thrust. Thrust is a vector quantity.
Unit of thrust: It is measured in the units of force. The SI unit of thrust is Newton (N) and CGS unit is dyne, where;
1N =10^5 dyne.
Pascal's Law
Blaise Pascal 's was a noted French physicist who discovered that a closed container of fluid could be used to transfer force from one place to another or to multiply forces by its transmission through a fluid. It should be noted that Pascal's law applies to fluids-both gas and liquid.
Pascal's law states that the pressure exerted anywhere in a confined liquid is transmitted equally and undiminished in all directions throughout the liquid.
Application of Pascal's Law
The figure shows two cylindrical vessels P and Q connected by a horizontal tube R. The vessels contain a liquid (or water) and they are provided with water-tight pistons P1 and Q1. The vessel P is smaller diameter than the vessel Q. Let are of cross section of vessel P be A1 and that of vessel Q be A2. A force F1 is applied on the piston P. Therefore, the pressure applied on the piston P is:
P1 = F1/ A1
According to Pascal's law, the pressure exerted on piston P is transmitted through the liquid to piston Q. Thus, the upward pressure P2 exerted on Q is:
P2 = P1 = F1/A2
Hence the upward force exerted on piston Q is F2 - Pressure on piston P x Area (A2)
or, F2 = (F1/A1) X A2
or, F2/F1 = A2/A1
Since A2>A1, therefore F2>F1.
Thus, a small force F1 applied on the smaller piston P1 can be used to produce a large force F2 on the bigger piston Q1. This is the principle of a hydraulic machine. The formula used in above hydraulic press is:
Pressure in large piston = Pressure in small piston
F2/F1 = A2/A1
Example: Calculate the cross sectional area of the small piston from the given figure of the hydraulic press.
Example: Calculate the cross sectional area of the small piston from the given figure of the hydraulic press.
Solution :
Force on large piston (F2)=12000N
Force on small piston (F1)=200N
Cross sectional area of large piston (A2)=2.5 sq.m
Cross sectional area of small piston (A1)= ?
We have; using Pascal's Law,
F2/F1=A2/A1
or, 12000/200=2.5/A1
or, A1=2.5/60
∴ A1=0.0417 sq.m
Hence, the cross sectional area of small piston is 0.0417 sq.m.
Uses of hydraulic press
A hydraulic press is used mainly for the following purposes:
i. For pressing the cotton bales and goods, quilts, books etc.
ii. For extracting the juice of sugarcane, sugar beet, etc.
iii. For squeezing the oil out of linseed and cotton seeds.
iv. For engraving the monogram on goods.
Density and Relative Density
Density
The density of substance is defined as its mass per unit volume.
Density of substance (d)= Mass of the substance (m)/ Volume of substance (v)
d=m/v
Unit of density
Unit of density = Unit of mass (kg)/ Unit of volume (m^3)
The SI unit of mass is kilogram (kg) and the SI unit of volume is cubic meter (m^3). So, the unit of density is kg/m^3. In CGS system. the unit of mass is gram (g) and the SI unit of volume is cubic centimeter (cm^3). So, in CGS system the unit of density is g/cm^3.
Relation between the SI and C.G.S unit of density
1kg/m^3=1kg/(1m x 1m x 1m)
=1000g/(100cm x 100cm x 100cm)
1kg/m^3=1g/1000cm^3
or, 1000kg/m^3=1g/m^3
Thus, 1g/cm^3= 1000 kg/m^3
Force on large piston (F2)=12000N
Force on small piston (F1)=200N
Cross sectional area of large piston (A2)=2.5 sq.m
Cross sectional area of small piston (A1)= ?
We have; using Pascal's Law,
F2/F1=A2/A1
or, 12000/200=2.5/A1
or, A1=2.5/60
∴ A1=0.0417 sq.m
Hence, the cross sectional area of small piston is 0.0417 sq.m.
Uses of hydraulic press
A hydraulic press is used mainly for the following purposes:
i. For pressing the cotton bales and goods, quilts, books etc.
ii. For extracting the juice of sugarcane, sugar beet, etc.
iii. For squeezing the oil out of linseed and cotton seeds.
iv. For engraving the monogram on goods.
Density and Relative Density
Density
The density of substance is defined as its mass per unit volume.
Density of substance (d)= Mass of the substance (m)/ Volume of substance (v)
d=m/v
Unit of density
Unit of density = Unit of mass (kg)/ Unit of volume (m^3)
The SI unit of mass is kilogram (kg) and the SI unit of volume is cubic meter (m^3). So, the unit of density is kg/m^3. In CGS system. the unit of mass is gram (g) and the SI unit of volume is cubic centimeter (cm^3). So, in CGS system the unit of density is g/cm^3.
Relation between the SI and C.G.S unit of density
1kg/m^3=1kg/(1m x 1m x 1m)
=1000g/(100cm x 100cm x 100cm)
1kg/m^3=1g/1000cm^3
or, 1000kg/m^3=1g/m^3
Thus, 1g/cm^3= 1000 kg/m^3
100 Interesting Facts About The World To Blow Your Mind
100 Interesting Facts About The World To Blow Your Mind
The world is a pretty strange place; things often don’t happen according to plan, and weird coincidences are generally the norm. With this in mind, it’s not surprising that there would be unexpected facts about everything from pencils, to history, to science, and everything in between. The following 100 facts have been handpicked to educate and amuse; read on to find out more about this amazing world and the people that inhabit it.
Interesting Facts :
1. If you somehow found a way to extract all of the gold from the bubbling core of our lovely little planet, you would be able to cover all of the land in a layer of gold up to your knees.
2. McDonalds calls frequent buyers of their food “heavy users.”
3. The average person spends 6 months of their lifetime waiting on a red light to turn green.
4. The largest recorded snowflake was in Keogh, MT during year 1887, and was 15 inches wide.
5. You burn more calories sleeping than you do watching television.
6. There are more lifeforms living on your skin than there are people on the planet.
7. Southern sea otters have flaps of skin under their forelegs that act as pockets. When diving, they use these pouches to store rocks and food.
8. In 1386 a pig in France was executed by public hanging for the murder of a child.
9. One in every five adults believe that aliens are hiding in our planet disguised as humans.
10. If you believe that you’re truly one in a million, there are still approximately 7,184 more people out there just like you.
11. A single cloud can weight more than 1 million pounds.
12. A human will eat on average 70 assorted insects and 10 spiders while sleeping.
13. James Buchanan, the 15th U.S. president continuously bought slaves with his own money in order to free them.
14. There are more possible iterations of a game of chess than there are atoms in the known universe.
15. The average person walks the equivalent of three times around the world in a lifetime.
16. Men are 6 times more likely to be struck by lightning than women.
17. Coca-Cola would be green if coloring wasn’t added to it.
18. You cannot snore and dream at the same time.
2. McDonalds calls frequent buyers of their food “heavy users.”
3. The average person spends 6 months of their lifetime waiting on a red light to turn green.
4. The largest recorded snowflake was in Keogh, MT during year 1887, and was 15 inches wide.
5. You burn more calories sleeping than you do watching television.
6. There are more lifeforms living on your skin than there are people on the planet.
7. Southern sea otters have flaps of skin under their forelegs that act as pockets. When diving, they use these pouches to store rocks and food.
8. In 1386 a pig in France was executed by public hanging for the murder of a child.
9. One in every five adults believe that aliens are hiding in our planet disguised as humans.
10. If you believe that you’re truly one in a million, there are still approximately 7,184 more people out there just like you.
11. A single cloud can weight more than 1 million pounds.
12. A human will eat on average 70 assorted insects and 10 spiders while sleeping.
13. James Buchanan, the 15th U.S. president continuously bought slaves with his own money in order to free them.
14. There are more possible iterations of a game of chess than there are atoms in the known universe.
15. The average person walks the equivalent of three times around the world in a lifetime.
16. Men are 6 times more likely to be struck by lightning than women.
17. Coca-Cola would be green if coloring wasn’t added to it.
18. You cannot snore and dream at the same time.
Fun Facts
19. The world’s oldest piece of chewing gum is over 9,000 years old!
20. A coyote can hear a mouse moving underneath a foot of snow.
21. Bolts of lightning can shoot out of an erupting volcano.
22. New York drifts about one inch farther away from London each year.
23. A U.S. dollar bill can be folded approximately 4,000 times in the same place before it will tear.
24. A sneeze travels about 100 miles per hour.
21. Earth has traveled more than 5,000 miles in the past 5 minutes.
22. It would take a sloth one month to travel one mile.
23. 10% of the World’s population is left handed.
24. A broken clock is right two times every day.
25. According to Amazon, the most highlighted books on Kindle are the Bible, the Steve Jobs biography, and The Hunger Games.
26. Bob Marley’s last words to his son before he died were “Money can’t buy life.”
27. A mole can dig a tunnel that is 300 feet long in only one night.
28. A hippo’s wide open mouth is big enough to fit a 4-foot-tall child in.
29. Chewing gum while you cut an onion will help keep you from crying.
30. If you were to stretch a Slinky out until it’s flat, it would measure 87 feet long.
31. Al Capone’s business card said he was a used furniture dealer
32. There are more collect calls on Father’s Day than on any other day of the year.
33. Banging your head against a wall burns 150 calories an hour.
34. 95% of people text things they could never say in person.
35. A crocodile can’t poke its tongue out.
36. It is physically impossible for pigs to look up into the sky.
37. Guinness Book of Records holds the record for being the book most often stolen from Public Libraries.
20. A coyote can hear a mouse moving underneath a foot of snow.
21. Bolts of lightning can shoot out of an erupting volcano.
22. New York drifts about one inch farther away from London each year.
23. A U.S. dollar bill can be folded approximately 4,000 times in the same place before it will tear.
24. A sneeze travels about 100 miles per hour.
21. Earth has traveled more than 5,000 miles in the past 5 minutes.
22. It would take a sloth one month to travel one mile.
23. 10% of the World’s population is left handed.
24. A broken clock is right two times every day.
25. According to Amazon, the most highlighted books on Kindle are the Bible, the Steve Jobs biography, and The Hunger Games.
26. Bob Marley’s last words to his son before he died were “Money can’t buy life.”
27. A mole can dig a tunnel that is 300 feet long in only one night.
28. A hippo’s wide open mouth is big enough to fit a 4-foot-tall child in.
29. Chewing gum while you cut an onion will help keep you from crying.
30. If you were to stretch a Slinky out until it’s flat, it would measure 87 feet long.
31. Al Capone’s business card said he was a used furniture dealer
32. There are more collect calls on Father’s Day than on any other day of the year.
33. Banging your head against a wall burns 150 calories an hour.
34. 95% of people text things they could never say in person.
35. A crocodile can’t poke its tongue out.
36. It is physically impossible for pigs to look up into the sky.
37. Guinness Book of Records holds the record for being the book most often stolen from Public Libraries.
38. Drying fruit depletes it of 30-80% of its vitamin and antioxidant content
39. A 2010 study found that 48% of soda fountain contained fecal bacteria, and 11% contained E. Coli.
40. 9 out of 10 Americans are deficient in Potassium.
41. Blueberries will not ripen until they are picked.
42. About 150 people per year are killed by coconuts.
43. Ketchup was used as a medicine back in the 1930’s.
44. Honey never spoils.
45. About half of all Americans are on a diet on any given day.
46. A hardboiled egg will spin, but a soft-boiled egg will not.
47. Avocados are poisonous to birds.
48. Chewing gum burns about 11 calories per hour.
49. The number of animals killed for meat every hour in the U.S. is 500,000.
50. If you try to suppress a sneeze, you can rupture a blood vessel in your head or neck and die.
51. Celery has negative calories! It takes more calories to eat a piece of celery than the celery has in it to begin with. It’s the same with apples!
52. More people are allergic to cow’s milk than any other food.
53. Only 8% of dieters will follow a restrictive weight loss plan (like the HCG Drops Diet, garcinia cambogia diet).
54. Coconut water can be used as blood plasma.
39. A 2010 study found that 48% of soda fountain contained fecal bacteria, and 11% contained E. Coli.
40. 9 out of 10 Americans are deficient in Potassium.
41. Blueberries will not ripen until they are picked.
42. About 150 people per year are killed by coconuts.
43. Ketchup was used as a medicine back in the 1930’s.
44. Honey never spoils.
45. About half of all Americans are on a diet on any given day.
46. A hardboiled egg will spin, but a soft-boiled egg will not.
47. Avocados are poisonous to birds.
48. Chewing gum burns about 11 calories per hour.
49. The number of animals killed for meat every hour in the U.S. is 500,000.
50. If you try to suppress a sneeze, you can rupture a blood vessel in your head or neck and die.
51. Celery has negative calories! It takes more calories to eat a piece of celery than the celery has in it to begin with. It’s the same with apples!
52. More people are allergic to cow’s milk than any other food.
53. Only 8% of dieters will follow a restrictive weight loss plan (like the HCG Drops Diet, garcinia cambogia diet).
54. Coconut water can be used as blood plasma.
55. The word “gorilla” is derived from a Greek word meaning, “A tribe of hairy women.”
56. Prisoners in Canadian war camps during WWII were treated so well, that a lot of them didn’t’ want to leave when the war was over.
57. Gorillas burp when they are happy
58. In New York, it is illegal to sell a haunted house without telling the buyer.
59. In 2006 someone tried to sell New Zealand on eBay. The price got up to $3,000 before eBay shut it down.
60. It is considered good luck in Japan when a sumo wrestler makes your baby cry.
61. A man from Britain changed his name to Tim Pppppppppprice to make it harder for telemarketers to pronounce.
62. A woman from California once tried to sue the makers of Cap’n Crunch, because the Crunch Berries contained “no berries of any kind.”
63. Apple launched a clothing line in 1986. It was described as a “train wreck” by others.
64. In Japan, crooked teeth are considered cute and attractive.
65. A Swedish woman lost her wedding ring, and found it 16 years later- growing on a carrot in her garden.
66. Donald duck comics were banned from Finland because he doesn’t wear pants.
67. The chance of you dying on the way to get lottery tickets is actually greater than your chance of winning.
68. Cherophobia is the fear of fun.
69. The toothpaste “Colgate” in Spanish translates to “go hang yourself”
70. Pirates wore earrings because they believed it improved their eyesight.
56. Prisoners in Canadian war camps during WWII were treated so well, that a lot of them didn’t’ want to leave when the war was over.
57. Gorillas burp when they are happy
58. In New York, it is illegal to sell a haunted house without telling the buyer.
59. In 2006 someone tried to sell New Zealand on eBay. The price got up to $3,000 before eBay shut it down.
60. It is considered good luck in Japan when a sumo wrestler makes your baby cry.
61. A man from Britain changed his name to Tim Pppppppppprice to make it harder for telemarketers to pronounce.
62. A woman from California once tried to sue the makers of Cap’n Crunch, because the Crunch Berries contained “no berries of any kind.”
63. Apple launched a clothing line in 1986. It was described as a “train wreck” by others.
64. In Japan, crooked teeth are considered cute and attractive.
65. A Swedish woman lost her wedding ring, and found it 16 years later- growing on a carrot in her garden.
66. Donald duck comics were banned from Finland because he doesn’t wear pants.
67. The chance of you dying on the way to get lottery tickets is actually greater than your chance of winning.
68. Cherophobia is the fear of fun.
69. The toothpaste “Colgate” in Spanish translates to “go hang yourself”
70. Pirates wore earrings because they believed it improved their eyesight.
71. Human thigh bones are stronger than concrete.
72. Cockroaches can live for several weeks with their heads cut off, because their brains are located inside their body. They would eventually die from being unable to eat.
73. Scientists have tracked butterflies that travel over 3,000 miles.
74. To produce a single pound of honey, a single bee would have to visit 2 million flowers.
75. The population is expected to rise to 10.8 billion by the year 2080.
76. You breathe on average about 8,409,600 times a year
77. More than 60,000 people are flying over the United States in an airplane right now.
78. Hamsters run up to 8 miles at night on a wheel.
79. A waterfall in Hawaii goes up sometimes instead of down.
80. A church in the Czech Republic has a chandelier made entirely of human bones.
81. Under the Code of Hammurabi, bartenders who watered down beer were punished by execution.
82. Our eyes are always the same size from birth, but our nose and ears never stop growing.
83. During your lifetime, you will produce enough saliva to fill two swimming pools.
84. You are 1% shorter in the evening than in the morning
85. The elephant is the only mammal that can’t jump!
86. Most dust particles in your house are made from dead skin!
72. Cockroaches can live for several weeks with their heads cut off, because their brains are located inside their body. They would eventually die from being unable to eat.
73. Scientists have tracked butterflies that travel over 3,000 miles.
74. To produce a single pound of honey, a single bee would have to visit 2 million flowers.
75. The population is expected to rise to 10.8 billion by the year 2080.
76. You breathe on average about 8,409,600 times a year
77. More than 60,000 people are flying over the United States in an airplane right now.
78. Hamsters run up to 8 miles at night on a wheel.
79. A waterfall in Hawaii goes up sometimes instead of down.
80. A church in the Czech Republic has a chandelier made entirely of human bones.
81. Under the Code of Hammurabi, bartenders who watered down beer were punished by execution.
82. Our eyes are always the same size from birth, but our nose and ears never stop growing.
83. During your lifetime, you will produce enough saliva to fill two swimming pools.
84. You are 1% shorter in the evening than in the morning
85. The elephant is the only mammal that can’t jump!
86. Most dust particles in your house are made from dead skin!
87. If 33 million people held hands, they could make it all the way around the equator.
88. Earth is the only planet that is not named after a god.
89. The bloodhound is the only animal whose evidence is admissible in court.
90. You are born with 300 bones, but by the time you are an adult you only have 206.
91. A ten-gallon hat will only hold ¾ of a gallon.
92. Just like fingerprints, everyone has different tongue prints.
93. ATM’s were originally thought to be failures, because the only users were prostitutes and gamblers who didn’t want to deal with tellers face to face.
94. Of all the words in the English language, the word “set” has the most definitions. The word “run” comes in close second.
95. A “jiffy” is the scientific name for 1/100th of a second.
96. One fourth of the bones in your body are located in your feet
97. 111,111,111 X 111,111,111 = 12,345,678,987,654,321
98. Blue-eyed people tend to have the highest tolerance of alcohol.
99. A traffic jam lasted for more than 10 days, with cars only moving 0.6 miles a day.
100. The tongue is the strongest muscle in the body.
88. Earth is the only planet that is not named after a god.
89. The bloodhound is the only animal whose evidence is admissible in court.
90. You are born with 300 bones, but by the time you are an adult you only have 206.
91. A ten-gallon hat will only hold ¾ of a gallon.
92. Just like fingerprints, everyone has different tongue prints.
93. ATM’s were originally thought to be failures, because the only users were prostitutes and gamblers who didn’t want to deal with tellers face to face.
94. Of all the words in the English language, the word “set” has the most definitions. The word “run” comes in close second.
95. A “jiffy” is the scientific name for 1/100th of a second.
96. One fourth of the bones in your body are located in your feet
97. 111,111,111 X 111,111,111 = 12,345,678,987,654,321
98. Blue-eyed people tend to have the highest tolerance of alcohol.
99. A traffic jam lasted for more than 10 days, with cars only moving 0.6 miles a day.
100. The tongue is the strongest muscle in the body.
Bonus facts
101. Every year more than 2500 left-handed people are killed from using right-handed products.
102. More than 50% of the people in the world have never made or received a telephone call.
103. The cigarette lighter was invented before the match.
102. More than 50% of the people in the world have never made or received a telephone call.
103. The cigarette lighter was invented before the match.
104. Sea otters hold hands when they sleep so that they do not drift apart.
105. The Golden Poison Dart Frog’s skin has enough toxins to kill 100 people.
106. The male ostrich can roar just like a lion.
107. Mountain lions can whistle.
108. The giraffe’s tongue is so long that they can like the inside of their own ear.
109. Cows kill more people than sharks do.
110. Cats have 32 muscles in each of their ears.
111. Butterflies taste their food with their feet.
112. A tarantula can live without food for more than two years.
113. The tongue of a blue whale weighs more than most elephants!
114. Ever wonder where the phrase “It’s raining cats and dogs” comes from? In the 17th century many homeless cats and dogs would drown and float down the streets of England, making it look like it literally rained cats and dogs.
115. It takes about 3,000 cows to supply enough leather for the NFL for only one year.
116. Male dogs lift their legs when they are urinating for a reason. They are trying to leave their mark higher so that it gives off the message that they are tall and intimidating.
117. A hummingbird weighs less than a penny.
118. An ostrich’s eye is bigger than its brain
119. Dogs are capable of understanding up to 250 words and gestures and have demonstrated the ability to do simple mathematical calculations.
120. A sheep, a duck and a rooster were the first passengers in a hot air balloon.
105. The Golden Poison Dart Frog’s skin has enough toxins to kill 100 people.
106. The male ostrich can roar just like a lion.
107. Mountain lions can whistle.
108. The giraffe’s tongue is so long that they can like the inside of their own ear.
109. Cows kill more people than sharks do.
110. Cats have 32 muscles in each of their ears.
111. Butterflies taste their food with their feet.
112. A tarantula can live without food for more than two years.
113. The tongue of a blue whale weighs more than most elephants!
114. Ever wonder where the phrase “It’s raining cats and dogs” comes from? In the 17th century many homeless cats and dogs would drown and float down the streets of England, making it look like it literally rained cats and dogs.
115. It takes about 3,000 cows to supply enough leather for the NFL for only one year.
116. Male dogs lift their legs when they are urinating for a reason. They are trying to leave their mark higher so that it gives off the message that they are tall and intimidating.
117. A hummingbird weighs less than a penny.
118. An ostrich’s eye is bigger than its brain
119. Dogs are capable of understanding up to 250 words and gestures and have demonstrated the ability to do simple mathematical calculations.
120. A sheep, a duck and a rooster were the first passengers in a hot air balloon.
Certainly, there were facts in this list that made you laugh, and there were probably more than a few that you didn’t already know. The world is a weird place, after all! Do you have any weird facts you’d like to share with us – if so, please comment below. And, be sure to check out our other posts for more information to enrich your daily life, or simply for an entertaining distraction from your busy workday.
Class 10 | Force (Numerical)
GRAVITATION
1. Calculate the gravitational force between two masses of 10 kg and 20 kg if they are at 10
meter distance.
Here,
Mass of one body (m1)= 10 kg
Mass of second body (m1) = 20 kg
Distance between them (d) = 10 meter
Gravitational force (F)= ?
We have,
F = G m1m2/d^2
=6.67 x 10^-11 x 10 x 20 / 10^2
or, F = 6.67 × 2 × 10-11
or, F = 1.334 × 10-10 N
Hence, the gravitational force between two masses of 10 kg and 20kg if they are at 10m distance is 1.334 × 10^-10 N.
meter distance.
Mass of one body (m1)= 10 kg
Distance between them (d) = 10 meter
Gravitational force (F)= ?
We have,
Hence, the gravitational force between two masses of 10 kg and 20kg if they are at 10m distance is 1.334 × 10^-10 N.
Nepal's Division into Seven Provinces, Why?
Nepal's Division into Seven Provinces, Why?
Schedule 4 of the new Constitution of Nepal, adopted on 20 September 2015, provides for the division of the country into seven Provinces. These provinces will be formed by grouping the existing districts. Two districts, however, are to be split between two provinces. Each district has local units, including four metropolises, 13 sub-metropolises, 246 municipal councils and 481 village councils. According to Article 295, the provinces shall be named by 2/3 vote of the respective province's legislature.
Finally with the promulgation of new constitution of Nepal, its entire political map is divided into 7 provinces which are still unnamed. The top notch political leaders claim that these 7 provinces will be named only after provincial elections will be held in each of these provinces. As a matter of fact this division of provinces was never expected from oppressed and suppressed people of Nepal. What the common people wanted was to redraw the boundaries of each wards, Village Development Committees and Districts including zones. This process should have been done in order to secure the place of all ethnic communities. That is to say securing dominance of at least one community in one electoral area, ward, VDC, district and province would have supported implementation of inclusive policies in the long run.
Nonthless, those at the helm of affairs did everything just against the aspirations of what common thought of.
the top leaders neither accepted the federal units endorsed by the first CA nor did they make any consensus how take the country on the path of inclusion. Some observers claim that if similar type of inclusion policies continue to work in this country then it will take more than 1000 thousand years to make Nepal appear like inclusive in real sense.
The regime policy for inclusion is not based on how to bring the oppressed and suppressed in the mainstream but it is based on how one or two person from poor families, marginalized communities can be included into the mainstream life centered with usual development process. It means the mainstream elites and ruling elites will continue to enjoy irrespective of slogans for inclusion. The current federal system of provinces can only bring about repetition of outlandish methods and policies as we have seen before in previous regimes.
This new constitution and federal units will give nothing to oppressed and suppressed instead it will give ample power to the ruling elites to impose further directorial rule in the country.
Nepal is divided into seven states for the following purposes:
- To run the administration efficiently.
- To decentralize the power and function of the country.
- For the proportionate development of the country.
- To fulfill the demands of the people of the country.
- For the proper utilization of the available local resources.
- To stop internal migration.
- To encourage people’s participation for sustainable development.
- To end socio economic disparities, thereby, ending socio-economic disparities.
- For the proportionate representation of different people of different regions.
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